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Learn why WPP’s Load Bank Testing Services are critical to your generator’s performance
For many companies, having a standby generator is important in keeping crucial services operating in times of an outage. For those involved in the healthcare industry, for example, this includes situations where having power can mean the difference between life or death. For those who operate data centers or work in the financial sector, this can mean the loss of hundreds to millions of dollars through devastating downtime.
That’s why it is so important to test backup power systems periodically to ensure they’re actually working when they’re needed the most. That process is called load bank testing. Here’s what you need to know about the generator load bank testing procedure.
What Is a Load Bank & What Does it Test?
To put it simply, a load bank is a piece of specialized equipment that produces artificial loads on a generator. It does this by bringing the engine to a certain operating temperature and pressure to simulate the process of the equipment being used during an emergency situation. An easy way to think of it is that the purpose of load bank testing essentially acts as a dry run for emergency generator use and allows any flaws or problems to be exposed before a critical situation.
There are many benefits to load bank testing. The first is that you are able to enjoy peace of mind in knowing your generator has the capacity to work in an emergency situation. The second is that problems discovered during this process are usually much less costly to repair than those discovered during a critical situation. An ounce of prevention is worth more than a pound of cure, and load bank testing ensures that all small issues are handled before a major problem occurs.
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How Often Does A Generator Need Testing?
The frequency schedule for load bank testing on a generator often depends on how the generator is classified and what it is a standby for. For example, if a generator is used as a backup for services associated with loss of life or serious injury—such as in a hospital setting—the testing guidelines per safety codes are much more frequent.
Data centers and financial organizations are generally held to stricter requirements, as well.
These standard guidelines are set by the National Fire Protection Association (NFPA). Critical situations follow NFPA 110 & 99 and lesser situations follow NFPA 70.
In most cases, it is recommended that non-mission critical generators are tested at 80% of their maximum load for 60 minutes at least once per year. Critical diesel generators could be tested much more frequently, but this wholly depends on individual requirements and industry regulations. If this monthly test fails, load bank testing for a minimum of two consecutive hours is recommended.
Companies can either hire a load bank for when the generator needs testing or have one permanently on-site. It largely depends on the needs of each company.
A business that operates several generators is typically more suited to having its own load bank permanently stationed on-site, but the best solution is not always clear-cut.
Find out what solution you need: Buying vs renting a load bank
Pre-Testing Procedure – Things to Consider
During the testing procedure, it is important to follow a checklist of best practices. This ensures safety for both the worker completing the test and helps keep a total power failure from occurring during the test.
Personnel should wear appropriate safety clothing including eye protection goggles, hearing protection, head protection, steel-tipped boots, gloves, and a high visibility vest. Employees should have experience in working with load bank testing and hold a qualification for administering the test. In most cases, it is recommended to handle this process with a certified organization instead of attempting it with your own internal maintenance staff.
The Testing Procedure – Step-by-Step Guide
The actual testing procedure itself is not too complicated, but does take a bit of knowledge in how the process works.
The technician begins by starting and running the generator until the water temperature stabilizes. Then, all manual or automatic switches are transferred to the emergency source. The generator then receives step loads from the load bank until the desired load level is reached. After the test has been successfully completed, the technician disconnects the load bank load and transfers all switches back to the normal position before allowing the generator to cool down according to manufacturer guidelines.
In more detail, the process occurs in this manner:
- Step One: All fluid levels are checked to ensure the fuel tank is full and the oil level is correct. If the generator is water-cooled, it is also important to check the radiator or coolant tank.
- Step Two: The generator is started and allowed to reach normal operating temperature. The technician watches and listens for any possible issues such as abnormal noises. If any problems are detected, the testing process is stopped until the mechanical failure is diagnosed and fixed.
- Step Three: The technician then begins connecting the loads by starting with any large 200 volt loads and adding smaller 110 volt loads. This continues until each leg carries 50% on any one leg.
- Step Four: Next, the technician checks the amperage of each leg with an ammeter. In cases where a 110/220 volt single phase generator is being tested, the voltage of each leg is recommended to fall between 105 and 125 volts. The current should be half of the rated watt output divided by the voltage for each leg. If one or more of the legs drops below 105 volts at full load, there is a problem and the test is considered failed.
- Step Five: The technician continues to monitor the generator while maintaining the same load for the duration of the test and continues to listen for noises and monitors the output. If an issue is discovered, the test is shut down to minimize damage until repairs happen. After repairs, the test is started again from the beginning.
- Step Six: At the end of the test, the loads are gradually removed and the generator is allowed to run under light load for about an hour. All loads are removed 5 to 10 minutes before shutting down the generator down.
Trust WPP with Your Generator Load Bank Test
As a full-service power generation company, WPP can supply both the generator and the load bank, whether you’re looking to buy your own equipment or rent it from us. What’s more, we can provide the trained personnel to perform the generator testing procedure for you at regular intervals, as part of our preventive maintenance services.
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WPP also offers load bank testing equipment for rental and sales.
